Constructional material



' together said sheets.

Patented July 1, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT orrica ALBERT C. FISCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE PHILIP CAREY MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL 1T0 Drawing.

The present invention relates to roofing material and methods of making same.

In applying roofing material to buildings, ithas been common practice to mount sheets of tar paper, felt, or similar material on the roof and to use hot pitch, asphalt, or other plastic material for the purpose of binding This process is quite costly, inasmuch as the plastic material must be heated on the job and as a general proposition must be hauled from the ground to the roof which is being made, the procedure involving relatively large labor cost and more or less skilled artisans.

The present invention has for one of its objects the provision of roofing material which may be stored or transported in condition to be applied to a roof-without the necessity of applying hot plastic materials thereto.

A further object is to provide roofing material having an adhesive surface, which.

roofing material may be transported or stored for long periods of time without deterioration.

A further object is to provide roofing ma A further object .is to provide roofing ma-' terial having an adhesive surface, said material having the advantage that two sheets thereof placed with their adhesive surfaces face to face may beseparated, the line of cleavage being entirely through the adhesive material, whereby tearing or abrading of the vehicle carrying said adhesive is avoided.

A further object is to provide a method of preparing and handling roofing material whereby adhesive roofing material may be stored or shipped Without deterioration and may be readily handled for application for roofing or waterproofing purposes.

While in my prior application, Serial No. 437,621, filed January 15, 1921, patented August 18, 1925, Patent No. 1,550,310, I have Application filed August15, 1927. Serial No. 213,191.

shown a drawing somewhat diagrammatically, representing two layers of roofing material both of which are saturated in the manner referred to in the present application, such illustration seems wholly unnecessary and therefore I have omitted such drawing herein, it being understood that the vehicles which may be saturatedand/or coated with any of the materials. herein may take various shapes and be of various sizes.

The present invention may be carried out in a number of different ways and may take a great variety of forms, of which the following are illustrative.

Sheets of roofing material are provided which may be tar paper, felt, or other preferred material and which will be referred to herein by the general term of vehicle.

Said vehicle may be saturated with a nondrying oil, such as cotton-seed oil, rape-seed oil, castor oil, or other similar oil, in a treated or untreated form.

Drying oils, such as soya bean. or China wood oil, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant; or drying oils may be mixed with non-drying oils, such as linseed bil.

Drying oils may be used for the reason that the application of adhesive thereto prevents access of air, whereby drying isretarded to a practical extent. Said oil acts as a waterproofing filler for the vehicle. The saturated .drying out of the adhesive, whereby said adhesive will continue for long periods of time in its mastic state.

If preferred, the saturant of the vehicle may be a slow-drying adhesive. Gilsonite or other morebituminous substancesmay be' used in varying proportions (for example from 10 to 20 per cent) with a non-drying oil such as castor oil to 80 per cent). If

' a blown castor oil is usedpthe proportion may range as high as per cent of blown castor oil with 5 per cent of bitumen, gilsonite, Texas or Trinidad. It may be necessary in some cases to heat under pressure in order to secure and a slow-drying adhesive.

union. It will be understood, of course, that the percentages referred to are merely illustrative and will vary under varying conditions. Other oils and other bituminous substances may be used, in which cases the proportions will be subject to'considerable, variation. For instance, 15 per cent of bitumen, 7 5 per cent of castor oil and 10 per cent of rape-seed oil may be' united by gradual heating. The saturant may also be a combination of two or more of the following substances: cotton-seed oil, cotton-seed oil foots, or pitch, and semi-liquid bituminous substances ofvarious consistencies.

If preferred, the saturantmay contain a large proportion of kerosene, or. other distillate of higher volatile qualities, such, as naphtha or turpentine,which are solvent in their nature and which may be usedin combination with rather dense adhesive material to form a union.'-

If preferred, the vehicle may be coated with a dense waterproofing mastic coating, which may be of a bituminous or. vegetable nature, and applying "to said coating a slowdrying adhesive.

If preferred, an adhesive repellent, which in thecourse oftime becomes adhesive, may be used, examples of such substances being plain castor oil or silicate of soda.

"Iftwo vehicles treated as described are placed face to face they may be stored or shipped without deterioration, but may be readily separated when'desired.

' If preferred, the vehicle may be coated.

with a mixture of dense waterproofing mastic Without attempting to explain the action of this combination, it is possible that the oozing out of the slow drying adhesive develops a film which creates a plane of cleavage between juxtaposed sheets.

In another aspect of the present invention, fiber may be incorporated in a dense waterproofing mastic, the combination being pressed into thin sheets and'coated with a slow-drying adhesive; or the fiber, dense waterproofing mastic and slow drying adhesive may be incorporated together. The slow-drying adhesive should preferably be incorporated when the dense mastic is in a relatively chilled state, for instance, about 125 degrees 1 Fahrenheit.

The next step was to place decorative coatings, such as, crushed slate, slag, pebbles, etc., on the weathering surface for both decorative and weather-resisting purposes.

1. This invention relates first to saturants for vehicles forming roofing sheets, insulating papers, tapes, shingles, etc.

The vehicle may be saturated:

(a) With a non-drying oil, such as, cotton seed oll, rape-seed oil castor oil, etc., acting as a mastic waterproofing filler of the vehicle.

meaesa It may also form a slow junction with a coating of bituminous or vegetable matter fluxed with oils that will unite with the Vehicle filler or with mineral oils which will not unite with the vehicle saturantu The tendency being to (b The saturant may be the combination of a ituminous substance and avegetable oil heated and combined at high temperature producing a viscous saturant. Gilsonite, Texas or other high melting bituminous substances may be used in varying proportions from 10 to 20 per cent, and a viscous oil, such as,;castor, where union'with other oils is not desirable 80 to 90 per cent. If a blown castor oil is used the proportions may be as high as 5 per cent bitumin, gilsonite, Texas or Trinidad and 95 per cent blown castor oil. It may be necessary in some cases to heat under pressure in order to secure union.

(0) Where union with other oils is desired this formula may be bitumin 15 per cent, castor oil 75 per cent, rape oil 10 per cent, united by adual heating. This formula will unite wlth other mineral oils where pres ent.

'(d) This saturant may also be a single vegetable or bituminous adhesive, such as, cottonseed Foots pitch or road oil, sludges and semiliquid, bituminous substances of varying conslstencies, such saturants, where treated with an overcoating of a viscous vegetable or combination vegetable and bituminous adhesive .will be separable along the lines of such coatmg.

(e) Drying oils, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant and coated with any of the adhesive, bituminous or vegetable coatings, or drying oils may be mixed with nondrying oils--a formula for the first would be blown soya bean or China wood oilthe second linseed and neats foot, castor oil, etc., per cent each or in varying quantities.

.(f) The saturant may be a mastic of 80 per cent kerosene and 20 per cent bitumen, the vehicle when saturated, coated with a viscous body is desired.

(9) The vehicle may be saturated as heretofore, and squeezed to create a dry, non-tacky surface.

This saturated vehicle may then be coated on one or both sides with a desirable mastic such as stated, depending upon the desirability of union between the respective bodies.

2. This invention relates, secondly, to these saturated felts being provided on one or both sides with a bituminous or vegetable coating, which ordinarily would not adhere except on 1 continued pressure under heat or special treatment at time of laying, the melting of which bituminous or vegetable matter would not develop adhesiveness below 80, but which might develop adhesiveness above that point, making it impossible to separate the sheets except for dusting or completely squeezing out excess matters.

My invention relates to omitting the dust and coating the surface with a slow-drying, tacky adhesive substance of a vegetable or bituminous nature, or a combination of the same, after the first coating has become chilled.

One of the formulas adapted for this purpose is the commercial product on the market known as Tree-tangle Foot, which has been on the market/for approximately fifteen years and which is compounded of resin, vegetable oils, non-drying oils and other gummy substances. Other coatings which will answer 36 the same purpose are described in my application, filed January 15, 1921, Serial No. 437,- 622, which sets forth various formulas for this purpose.

The action of this coating is to remain inert, and while some of the oil may be absorbed by the chilled coating, sufiicient will remain so that the surface of the sheet or sheets may be readily separated after a period of months and used for various roofing purposes.

Alternatively, I may omit the dust, as set forth above, and coat the under-surface with a viscous, oily adhesive repellant, which later becomes tacky or adhesive; blown castor oil, silicate of soda are adhesive repellants which when set develop adhesiveness.

3. My invention relates, thirdly, to the same saturated bases, with a coating on one or both sides of a slow drying, tacky bituminous, vegetable or animal substance or combination of two or more, which approximates the following specifications; or may be more or less fluid.

(a The consistency at 7 7 F. should be below .0.

(b) The susceptibility factor should be as low as possible, preferably under 25.

(c) The ductility at 77 F. should be as high as possible and preferably over 25 cent-1- meters.

(6) Fusing points by K. 8: S. method should be between 80 and F (c) It should appear tacky and adhesive at normal temperature, and retain this property as long as possible on exposure to air.

This formula is merely a standard and other formulas more or less fluid may be used with or without a suitable filler as a flow retarder, or the flow tendency may be stopped by using a non-flowing gummy substance in combination.

This adhesive material can be applied hot or cold, and if the surfaces with this adhesive were brought in contact and placed in commercial packages, the surfaces would be very diflicult to separate at some temperatures.

In order to facilitate such separation I coat over these surfaces with an adhesive of oily content of the nature above described, and as described in my application of J anuary 15, 1921, Serial No. 437,622.

The coating provided over the adhesive coating takes on some of the character of the coating, and the surfaces when separating take on either a stringy or viscous nature, the top coating taking on the color more or less of the adhesive, showing that more or less of it has been absorbed. In such case abrasion of the surface naturally takes place, which it does not do in the process first described.

4. By using a bituminous or vegetable substance, or combination of both, preferably having a melting point over 125, and heating suchbituminous or vegetable matter so as to produce it in a melted state, allowing it to partially cool and then incorporating in such substance this adhesive insulator or gummy substance, so that more or less of this substance works to the surface, and acts in the same manner when separating the sheets .as in No. 1 hereof.

It can readily be understood that this coatving can be applied on one or both sides of the saturated sheets, and rolled without the addition of an extra coating, by reason of the substance being incorporated in the bituminous or vegetable coating in a cooling state and applied to the surface under pressure of rolls used for that purpose.

The saturated vehicle may be coated with a compound formed by a mixture of a bituminous substance, and vegetable combinations,

such as, heavy road oil, meeting the speci fications before given and a mixture 10 parts resin, 8 parts blown castor oil, 2 parts Venice turpentine, gum 1%, parts. Two surfaces having this coating can be pulled apart after a slow-drying waterproofing mastic of lasting adhesiveness, and said coating being cov Y one sheet be placed incontact with the non-adhesive surface of another sheet. The

adhesive or mastic will cause a union with the non-adhesive surface to which it is applied, which union may be made very excellent by'mcans of rolling and which will improve in the course of time.

It will also be understood'th'at if it should be foundthatthe adhesive surface of a sheet should become dried out, a solvent such as toluol, benzol, kerosene, or cotton oil may be used to bring the sheet back into adhesive state.

The present application contains subject matter disclosed but not claimed in my hereinbefore mentioned application, which is now Patent No. 1,550,310.

' I claim:

1. Constructional material comprising a vehicle saturated with-waterproofing material, said saturated vehicle being coated with ered with an additional adhesive coating, gummy in nature, so that when a vehicle so coated is contacted with a similarly coated vehicle and the two vehicles are then pulled apart or separated the surfaces when separated take on a stringy or a viscous nature.

2. The method of preparing constructional material which comprises saturating a vehicle with waterproofing material, melting a bituminous substance, which has a melting point over F.,'by heating the same, al-

lowing it to partially cool and then'incorporating in such substance awaterproof adhesive or gum in edient and coating the saturated vehicle w th said substance.

3. The method of preparing constructional I material which comprises saturating a vehicle with waterproofing material, which comprises meltin a bituminous substance, which has a melting point over 125 F., by heating the same, allowing it to partially cool and then incorporating 1n such substance a non-drying ingredient, and coating the saturated vehicle with said substance.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 12th day of August, 1927'. i

O. FISCHER. 

